Which part of the cell is responsible for energy production through cellular respiration?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they play a crucial role in energy production through the process of cellular respiration. This process occurs in several stages, primarily within the mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, which enable them to control some aspects of their functionality independently.

The other options refer to different cell structures with distinct functions. The nucleus is primarily responsible for storing genetic information and regulating gene expression. Chloroplasts, found in plant cells, are involved in photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose, but they do not play a direct role in cellular respiration. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. Therefore, the unique capability of mitochondria to facilitate energy production distinguishes them as the central organelle in this physiological process.