What is the primary function of the diaphragm during respiration?

The primary function of the diaphragm during respiration is to assist in inhalation and exhalation. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the thoracic cavity, and it plays a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and moves downward, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This creates a negative pressure that draws air into the lungs (inhalation). Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, it resumes its dome shape, decreasing the thoracic cavity volume and pushing air out of the lungs (exhalation). Thus, the diaphragm's contraction and relaxation are essential for the breathing process, facilitating efficient gas exchange in the lungs.