What are the two main types of bone tissue?

The two main types of bone tissue are compact and cancellous. Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is dense and forms the outer layer of the bone. It provides strength, support, and protection. It is characterized by a solid structure, making it capable of withstanding compressive forces. On the other hand, cancellous bone, also known as spongy or trabecular bone, is found inside the bone and has a lighter, more porous structure. This configuration allows it to absorb shock and reduce weight without compromising strength.

While spongy bone is synonymous with cancellous bone, and trabecular is another term for the same type of bone, the terms compact and cancellous are the standard classifications in anatomical studies. The other options presented do not accurately reflect the primary structural classifications of bone tissue. Long and short refer to the shape of bones rather than the type of bone tissue.